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Lead

CAS Number: 7439-92-1

SERIOUS
health hazard

MODERATE
health hazard

FEW OR NO
health hazards

0 79
80 89
90 100
44

Sources of exposure:

Environmental pollution (soil and water), drinking water, food, older interior and exterior house paint, ceramic dishes and pottery, garden hoses, products made of vinyl or imitation leather, lead-acid batteries used in motorized equipment

Description:

Lead is a naturally occurring metal released into the environment through activities such as mining, manufacturing, and fossil fuel combustion. Exposure, particularly in children, is associated with neurodevelopmental harm including reduced IQ. Extensive bans and restrictions are in place globally for lead in food, water, toys, jewelry, electronics, and other consumer goods.

Health concerns:

Cancer

Known or suspected to increase cancer risk in humans.

Reproductive Toxicity

May alter hormone function and harm reproduction.

Developmental Toxicity

May impact fetal development and birth outcomes.

Genotoxicity

May cause mutations or damage DNA in cells.

Organ System Toxicity

May cause organ damage and disease.

Ecotoxicity

May be toxic to ecosystems and wildlife.

Banned/restricted lists:

  • REACH Substance of Very High Concern (SVHC) Government of Canada. List of Ingredients that are Prohibited for Use in Cosmetic Products.

References

  1. US Environmental Protection Agency. Cheminformatics Modules, Computational Toxicology and Exposure Informatics (CompTox).
  2. US National Library of Medicine. PubChem database.

HOW MILLION MARKER SCORES CHEMICALS

Million Marker's Ingredient Hazard Scoring uses multiple chemical databases and a science-backed scoring system to compute hazard scores for thousands of chemicals found in consumer products and listed on ingredient labels.

We identified key chemicals based on a database compiling dozens of authoritative sources, screening tools, and QSAR models.

Hazard scores within 11 different health categories (carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, reproductive toxicants, developmental toxicants, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, organ system toxicity, immunotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, skin/eye/respiratory irritants, and ecotoxicity).

They are weighted based on several factors, including strength of evidence for adverse impacts in humans, severity, and potential contamination.

For more information on our scoring methodology visit this page.