PFNA

Synonyms: Perfluorononanoic Acid

CAS Number: 375-95-1

SERIOUS
health hazard

MODERATE
health hazard

FEW OR NO
health hazards

0 79

80 89

90 100

24

Sources of exposure:

Contaminated drinking water and food; fluoropolymer production; treated consumer products; household dust

Description:

PFNA is a long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) associated with fluoropolymer production, industrial processing aids, and the breakdown of other fluorinated chemicals. Exposure may occur through contaminated drinking water, food, household dust, consumer products, and industrial emissions. PFNA is extremely persistent and can accumulate in people, wildlife, and food webs. Because this PFAS is environmentally persistent and may remain mobile or bioaccumulative depending on its structure and exposure setting, the glossary applies a precautionary approach where long-term hazard and exposure information is limited.

Health concerns:

Cancer

Known or suspected to increase cancer risk in humans.

Endocrine Disruption

May alter hormone function and contribute to chronic diseases and disorders.

Reproductive Toxicity

May alter hormone function and harm reproduction.

Developmental Toxicity

May impact fetal development and birth outcomes.

Organ System Toxicity

May cause organ damage and disease.

Immunotoxicity & Allergens

May impact immune system function or cause allergic reactions.

Irritant

May cause skin, eye, or respiratory irritation.

Banned/restricted lists:

EU REACH Annex XVII-C9-C14 PFCAs
Canada Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations
Minnesota Amara's Law

References

California Department of Public Health. California Safe Cosmetics Reportable Ingredients List. US National Library of Medicine. PubChem database.

HOW MILLION MARKER SCORES CHEMICALS

Million Marker's Ingredient Hazard Scoring uses multiple chemical databases and a science-backed scoring system to compute hazard scores for thousands of chemicals found in consumer products and listed on ingredient labels.

We identified key chemicals based on a database compiling dozens of authoritative sources, screening tools, and QSAR models.

Hazard scores within 11 different health categories (carcinogens, endocrine disruptors, reproductive toxicants, developmental toxicants, genotoxicity, neurotoxicity, organ system toxicity, immunotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, skin/eye/respiratory irritants, and ecotoxicity).

They are weighted based on several factors, including strength of evidence for adverse impacts in humans, severity, and potential contamination.